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Sheiner LB, Tozer TN. Clinical pharmacokinetics: the use of plasma concentrations of drugs. In: Melmon KL, Morelli HF, editors. Clinical Pharmacology: Basic Principles in Therapeutics. New York: Macmillan; 1978. p.71-109.

Winter MG, Tozer TN. Chapter 20. Phenytoin. In: Burton ME, Shaw LM, Schentag JJ, Evans WE. Applied pharmacokinetics: principles of therapeutic drug monitoring. 4th ed. Baltimore, MD: Lippincott Williams &amp; Wilkins, ©2006.

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Hong JM, Choi YC, Kim WJ. Differences between the Measured and Calculated Free Serum Phenytoin Concentrations in Epileptic Patients. Yonsei Medical Journal. 2009;50(4):517-520.

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Kane SP, Bress AP, Tesoro EP. Characterization of unbound phenytoin concentrations in neurointensive care unit patients using a revised Winter-Tozer equation. Ann Pharmacother. 2013;47(5):628-36.

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Cheng W, Kiang TKL, Bring P, Ensom MHH. Predictive Performance of the Winter–Tozer and Derivative Equations for Estimating Free Phenytoin Concentration. The Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy. 2016;69(4):269-279.

Soriano VV, Tesoro EP, Kane SP. Characterization of Free Phenytoin Concentrations in End-Stage Renal Disease Using the Winter-Tozer Equation. Ann Pharmacother. 2017;:1060028017707541.

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Dr. Thomas N. Tozer

Phenytoin (Dilantin) Correction for Albumin/Renal Failure

unit

phenytoin_microg

phenytoin_microm

albumin

crcl_20

Corrects serum phenytoin level for renal failure and/or hypoalbuminemia.

Phenytoin (Dilantin) Correction

Andrew Michalak, MD

The Phenytoin (Dilantin) Correction for Albumin / Renal Failure corrects serum phenytoin level for renal failure and/or hypoalbuminemia.

Phenytoin_µmol/L

Phenytoin_µg/mL

Albumin (General)

2HELPS2B Score

Sodium Correction Rate in Hyponatremia/Hypernatremia

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