Fisher C, Kistler J, Davis J. Relation of cerebral vasospasm to subarachnoid hemorrhage visualized by computerized tomographic scanning. Neurosurgery. 1980;6(1):1-9.

Claassen J, Bernardini GL, Kreiter K, Bates J, Du YE, Copeland D, Connolly ES, Mayer SA. Effect of cisternal and ventricular blood on risk of delayed cerebral ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage: the Fisher scale revisited. Stroke. 2001; 32 (9): 2012-2020.

Ogilvy CS, Carter BS. A Proposed Comprehensive Grading System to Predict Outcome for Surgical Management of Intracranial Aneurysms. Neurosurgery. 1998; 42(5): 959-968.

Woertgen C, Ullrich OW, Rothoerl RD, Brawanski A. Comparison of the Claassen and Fisher CT classification scale to predict ischemia after aneurysmatic SAH? Central European Neurosurgery. 2003; 64(3):104-108.

Svensson E, Starmark JE, Ekholm S, von Essen C, Johansson A. Analysis of interobserver disagreement in the assessment of subarachnoid blood and acute hydrocephalus on CT scans. Neurol Res. 1996; 18(6):487-494.

Rosen DS, Macdonald RL. Subarachnoid Grading Scales: A Systematic Review. Neurocritical Care. 2005;2:110-118.

Osawa M, et al. Results of direct surgery for aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: outcome of 2055 patients who underwent direct aneurysm surgery and profile of ruptured intracranial aneurysms. Acta Neurochir (Wien). 2001;143(7):655-63; discussion 663-4.

Kistler JP, Crowell RM, Davis KR, Heros R, Ojemann RG, Zervas T, Fisher CM. The relation of cerebral vasospasm to the extent and location of subarachnoid blood visualized by CT scan: a prospective study. Neurology. 1983; 33(4): 424-36.

Smith ML, Abrahams JM, Chandela S, Smith MJ, Hurst RW, Le Roux PD. Subarachnoid hemorrhage on computed tomography scanning and the development of cerebral vasospasm: the Fisher grade revisited. Surg Neurol. 2005; 63:229-234; discussion 234-225.

Frontera JA, Claassen J, Schmidt JM, Wartenberg KE, Temes R, Connolly ES, Loch Macdonald R, Mayer SA. Prediction of symptomatic vasospasm after subarachnoid haemorrhage: the modified Fisher scale. Neurosurgery. 2006; 58(7): 21-27.

Kramer AH, Hehir M, Nathan B, Gress D, Dumont AS, Kassell NF, Bleck TP. A comparison of 3 radiographic scales for the prediction of delayed ischemia and prognosis following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Journal of Neurosurgery. 2008; 109:199-207

Dr. C. Miller Fisher

Fisher Grading Scale for Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)

fisher

<p>Rates risk of vasospasm in aSAH based on amount and distribution of blood on CT.</p>

Fisher Grading Scale

<p>Benjamin Kummer, MD, is currently the inaugural Clinical Informatics fellow at New York Presbyterian Hospital, a joint program with Columbia University’s Department of Biomedical Informatics. A New York City native, Dr. Kummer earned a BA from the University of Pennsylvania before working for several years as a business systems analyst at Capital IQ, a financial technology firm. He received his MD from Drexel University College of Medicine in Philadelphia and completed residency training in neurology at the Neurological Institute of New York at Columbia University Medical Center, followed by a fellowship in stroke neurology at New York-Presbyterian Hospital/Weill-Cornell Medical Center.</p>

Benjamin Kummer, MD

The Fisher Grading Scale rates severity of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) based on amount and distribution of blood on CT of the head.

Modified Fisher Scale

Ottawa SAH Rule

Hunt & Hess Classification

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