Copeland GP, Jones D, Walters M. POSSUM: a scoring system for surgical audit. Br J Surg 1991;78(3):355-60.

Prytherch DR, Whiteley MS, Higgins B, Weaver PC, Prout WG, Powell SJ. POSSUM and Portsmouth POSSUM for predicting mortality. Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity. Br J Surg 1998 Sep;85(9):1217-20.

Copeland GP. The POSSUM System of Surgical Audit. Arch Surg. 2002;137(1):15-19. doi:10.1001/archsurg.137.1.15.

Ramkumar T, Ng V, Fowler L, Farouk R. A comparison of POSSUM, P-POSSUM and colorectal POSSUM for the prediction of postoperative mortality in patients undergoing colorectal resection. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006 Mar;49(3):330-5.

Tez M, Yoldaş O, Gocmen E, Külah B, Koc M. Evaluation of P-POSSUM and CR-POSSUM scores in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing resection. World J Surg. 2006 Dec;30(12):2266-9.

Lam CM, Fan ST, Yuen AW, Law WL, Poon K. Validation of POSSUM scoring systems for audit of major hepatectomy. Br J Surg. 2004 Apr;91(4):450-4.

Mohil RS, Bhatnagar D, Bahadur L, Rajneesh, Dev DK, Magan M. POSSUM and P-POSSUM for risk-adjusted audit of patients undergoing emergency laparotomy. Br J Surg. 2004 Apr;91(4):500-3.

van Zeeland ML, Genovesi IP, Mulder JW, Strating PR, Glas AS, Engel AF. POSSUM predicts hospital mortality and long-term survival in patients with hip fractures. J Trauma. 2011 Apr;70(4):E67-72.

Chen T, Wang H, Wang H, Song Y, Li X, Wang J. POSSUM and P-POSSUM as predictors of postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery: a meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2013 Aug;20(8):2501-10.

Dr. Graham Copeland

POSSUM for Operative Morbidity and Mortality Risk

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<p>Estimates morbidity and mortality for general surgery patients.</p>

Estimates morbidity and mortality for general surgery patients.

POSSUM Calculator

Jennie Kim, MD

The POSSUM estimates morbidity and mortality for patients undergoing general surgery.

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White Blood Cell Count

Sodium

Glasgow Coma Scale

Heart Rate/Pulse

Potassium

Surgical Apgar Score (SAS)

Gupta Perioperative Risk

Thakar Score

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