Copeland GP, Jones D, Walters M. POSSUM: a scoring system for surgical audit. Br J Surg 1991;78(3):355-60.

Prytherch DR, Whiteley MS, Higgins B, Weaver PC, Prout WG, Powell SJ. POSSUM and Portsmouth POSSUM for predicting mortality. Physiological and Operative Severity Score for the enUmeration of Mortality and morbidity. Br J Surg 1998 Sep;85(9):1217-20.

Copeland GP. The POSSUM System of Surgical Audit. Arch Surg. 2002;137(1):15-19. doi:10.1001/archsurg.137.1.15.

Ramkumar T, Ng V, Fowler L, Farouk R. A comparison of POSSUM, P-POSSUM and colorectal POSSUM for the prediction of postoperative mortality in patients undergoing colorectal resection. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006 Mar;49(3):330-5.

Tez M, Yoldaş O, Gocmen E, Külah B, Koc M. Evaluation of P-POSSUM and CR-POSSUM scores in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing resection. World J Surg. 2006 Dec;30(12):2266-9.

Lam CM, Fan ST, Yuen AW, Law WL, Poon K. Validation of POSSUM scoring systems for audit of major hepatectomy. Br J Surg. 2004 Apr;91(4):450-4.

Mohil RS, Bhatnagar D, Bahadur L, Rajneesh, Dev DK, Magan M. POSSUM and P-POSSUM for risk-adjusted audit of patients undergoing emergency laparotomy. Br J Surg. 2004 Apr;91(4):500-3.

van Zeeland ML, Genovesi IP, Mulder JW, Strating PR, Glas AS, Engel AF. POSSUM predicts hospital mortality and long-term survival in patients with hip fractures. J Trauma. 2011 Apr;70(4):E67-72.

Chen T, Wang H, Wang H, Song Y, Li X, Wang J. POSSUM and P-POSSUM as predictors of postoperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery: a meta-analysis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2013 Aug;20(8):2501-10.

Dr. Graham Copeland

POSSUM for Operative Morbidity and Mortality Risk

card

resp

pulse

opsev

proc

bloodloss

soil

malig

mode

Estimates morbidity and mortality for general surgery patients.

POSSUM Calculator

Jennie Kim, MD

The POSSUM estimates morbidity and mortality for patients undergoing general surgery.

Systolic BP

Hemoglobin

Volume

Sodium

Glasgow Coma Scale

Heart Rate/Pulse

Potassium

White Blood Cell Count

Surgical Apgar Score (SAS)

Gupta Perioperative Risk

Thakar Score

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) focuses on the health, safety, and well-being of infants, children, and young adults. With about 67,000 members, including pediatricians, medical subspecialists, and surgical specialists, the AAP supports optimal care. Over 45,000 members are board-certified Fellows of the AAP (FAAP). Its mission is to promote children's health and well-being while supporting members' professional needs.

American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP)

The American Association for Physician Leadership&reg; (AAPL) is the world&rsquo;s oldest and largest professional association dedicated solely to maximizing physician leadership.&nbsp;From the moment physicians begin their leadership journey through the time they are seasoned leaders, AAPL provides education and training, resources and tools, and content and experiences needed to close gaps between hands-on clinical care, organization system improvements and optimized business outcomes.

American Association for Physician Leadership (AAPL)

American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases

The American College of Emergency Physicians (ACEP) represents more than 38,000 emergency physicians, emergency medicine residents and medical students. ACEP promotes the highest quality of emergency care and is the leading advocate for emergency physicians and their patients, and the public. Members may earn up to 850 continuing medical education hours every year through ACEP&rsquo;s robust catalog of peer-reviewed publications and on-demand courses presented by world-renowned emergency medicine experts.

American College Of Emergency Physicians

The American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) supports clinicians in delivering high-quality, evidence-based care to gastroenterology patients. Its mission is to advance care for those with gastrointestinal disorders through excellence, innovation, and advocacy. ACG provides members with up-to-date scientific information through annual meetings, the American Journal of Gastroenterology, training courses, and research grants, focusing on digestive health and GI disorder treatments.

American College of Gastroenterology

American College of Rheumatology

The American Gastroenterological Association (AGA), founded in 1897, provides leadership and education to over 16,000 members worldwide, all dedicated to advancing gastroenterology. The AGA&rsquo;s mission is to empower clinicians and researchers to improve digestive health through clinical guidance, practice resources, and peer-reviewed research. Key journals include Gastroenterology, Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Cellular and Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, and others.

American Gastroenterological Association

American Heart Association

American Urological Association

EB Medicine is the premier provider of evidence-based clinical content and CME resources for emergency medicine practitioners.

EB Medicine

MDCalc CME

Postgraduate Institute for Medicine

The Rome Foundation is a nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing the diagnosis and treatment of Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction (DGBI), also known as functional gastrointestinal disorders. Its mission is to improve the lives of people with DGBI. For over 30 years, the Rome Foundation has worked with scientists and clinicians worldwide to classify and assess GI function and dysfunction, creating symptom-based criteria used in clinical trials and daily practice to guide diagnosis and treatment.

The ROME Foundation

Listen to the VACO co-creators break down how to use VACO\, what it does\, and what it doesn’t.

Calc Function