Howland M. Antidotes in Depth. In: Hoffman RS, Howland M, Lewin NA, Nelson LS, Goldfrank LR. eds. Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 10e. McGraw Hill; 2015.

Holger JS, Stellpflug SJ, Cole JB, Harris CR, Engebretsen KM. High-dose insulin: a consecutive case series in toxin-induced cardiogenic shock. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2011;49(7):653-8.

Greene SL, Gawarammana I, Wood DM, Jones AL, Dargan PI. Relative safety of hyperinsulinaemia/euglycaemia therapy in the management of calcium channel blocker overdose: a prospective observational study. Intensive Care Med. 2007;33(11):2019-24.

Lugassy DM et al. The Critically Ill Poisoned Patient. Emergency Department Resuscitation of the Critically Ill 2015. M. E. Winters, American College of Emergency Physicians.

Dr. Lewis Goldfrank

High-dose Insulin Euglycemia Therapy (HIET)

weight

glucose

dextrose

Doses insulin for calcium-channel blocker or beta blocker overdose.

Calcium-channel blocker, beta blocker reversal.

Elie Harmouche, MD, is a medical toxicology fellow at the department of emergency medicine at New York University. He was born and raised in Beirut, Lebanon, and he received his medical degree from the American University of Beirut. He completed a residency in emergency medicine at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, MI and served as chief resident in his final year, followed by fellowship in toxicology at NYU Langone/Bellevue Hospital Center in New York City. His areas of interest include toxicology, addiction and substance use, simulation medicine, resuscitation, and critical care.

Elie Harmouche, MD

High-dose Insulin Euglycemia Therapy doses insulin for calcium-channel blocker or beta blocker overdose.

Weight

Glucose

CARG-TT

CRASH

DigiFab (Digibind) Dosing

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Calc Function