O'Grady J, Alexander G, Hayllar K, Williams R (1989). Early indicators of prognosis in fulminant hepatic failure. Gastroenterology 97 (2): 439–45

Bernal W, Donaldson N, Wyncoll D, Wendon J. Blood lactate as an early predictor of outcome in paracetamol-induced acute liver failure: a cohort study. Lancet. 2002; 359(9306): 558-63. PMID:11867109.

Schmidt LE, Dalhoff K. Serum phosphate is an early predictor of outcome in severe acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. Hepatology. 2002; 36(3):659–665. doi: 10.1053/jhep.2002.35069.

Riordan SM, Williams R. Treatment of hepatic encephalopathy. N Engl J Med. 1997 Aug 14;337(7):473-9.

Goldfrank's Toxicologic Emergencies, 10th Edition.

Bailey B, Amre DK, Gaudreault P. Fulminant hepatic failure secondary to acetaminophen poisoning: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prognostic criteria determining the need for liver transplantation. Crit Care Med. 2003 Jan;31(1):299-305.

Dr. John O'Grady

King's College Criteria for Acetaminophen Toxicity

creatinine

hepatic_encphalopathy

lactate

phosphorus

Recommends who should be immediately referred for liver transplant.

Liver Transplant after acetaminophen OD.

King's College Criteria

Vince Nguyen, MD

The Kings College Criteria for Acetaminophen Overdose evaluates the need for translpantation in liver failure secondary to acetaminophen overdose.

NAC Dosing (Tylenol OD)

Hepatic Encephalopathy Grades

Child-Pugh Score

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Calc Function