FINDRISC (Finnish Diabetes Risk Score)
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Advice
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Formula
Addition of the selected points:
| Points | ||||||
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | |
| Age, years | <45 | -- | 45-54 | 55-64 | 64 | -- |
| BMI, kg/m² | <25 | >25 to 30 | -- | >30 | -- | -- |
| Waist circumference | ||||||
| Men: | <94 cm (37 in) | 94 to <102 cm (37 to <40 in) | ≥102 cm (≥40 in) | |||
| Women: | <80 cm (31 in) | -- | -- | 80 to <88 cm (31 to <35 in) | ≥88 cm (≥35 in) | -- |
| Use of blood pressure medication | No | -- | Yes | -- | -- | -- |
| History of high blood glucose | No | -- | -- | -- | -- | Yes |
| Physical activity <4 hr/week | No | -- | Yes | -- | -- | -- |
| Daily consumption of vegetables, fruits, or berries | Yes | No | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Family history of diabetes | No | -- | -- | Yes, 2nd degree relative | -- | Yes, 1st degree relative |
Facts & Figures
Interpretation:
| FINDRISC | Risk | 10-year risk of developing T2DM | |
| Men | Women | ||
| 0-3 | Very low | 0.3% | 0.1% |
| 4-8 | Low | 0.8% | 0.4% |
| 9-12 | Moderate | 2.6% | 2.2% |
| 13-20 | High | 23.1% | 14.1% |
| >21 | Very high | ~50%* | ~50%* |
*From Lindström 2010.
Literature
Original/Primary Reference
Lindström J, Tuomilehto J. The diabetes risk score: a practical tool to predict type 2 diabetes risk. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(3):725-31.Validation
Makrilakis K, Liatis S, Grammatikou S, et al. Validation of the Finnish diabetes risk score (FINDRISC) questionnaire for screening for undiagnosed type 2 diabetes, dysglycaemia and the metabolic syndrome in Greece. Diabetes Metab. 2011;37(2):144-51.Zhang L, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Hu G, Chen L. Evaluation of Finnish Diabetes Risk Score in screening undiagnosed diabetes and prediabetes among U.S. adults by gender and race: NHANES 1999-2010. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(5):e97865.Clinical Practice Guidelines
Pottie K, Jaramillo A, Lewin G, et al. Recommendations on screening for type 2 diabetes in adults. CMAJ. 2012;184(15):1687-96.Other References
Lindström J, Absetz P, Hemiö K, Peltomäki P, Peltonen M. Reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes with nutrition and physical activity - efficacy and implementation of lifestyle interventions in Finland. Public Health Nutr. 2010;13(6A):993-9.Noble D, Mathur R, Dent T, Meads C, Greenhalgh T. Risk models and scores for type 2 diabetes: systematic review. BMJ. 2011;343:d7163.
About the Creator
Jaana Lindström, PhD, MSC, is a researcher in the department of chronic disease prevention at the National Public Health Institute in Helsinki, Finland. Her research interests are centered around the prevention and prediction of diabetes. She has also published on nutrition and obesity.
To view Dr. Jaana Lindström's publications, visit PubMed
About the Creator
Jaakko Tuomilehto, MD, MA, PhD, FRCP, is chief scientific officer of Dasman Diabetes Institute in Kuwait City, Kuwait. He was previously professor emeritus of public health at the University of Helsinki in Finland and professor of vascular prevention at Danube-University Krems in Austria. Dr. Tuomilehto's research interests include epidemiology and prevention of non-communicable diseases such as diabetes, cancer, dementia, and cardiovascular disease.
To view Dr. Jaakko Tuomilehto's publications, visit PubMed