Espinel CH. The FENa test. Use in the differential diagnosis of acute renal failure. JAMA. 1976;236(6):579-81.

Steiner R. Interpreting the fractional excretion of sodium. Am J Med 1984; 77. (4): 699-702. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(84)90368-1. PMID 6486145

Pahwa AK, Sperati J. Urinary fractional excretion indices in the evaluation of acute kidney injury. J Hosp Med. 2016;11(1): 77-80.

Seethapathy H, Fenves AZ. Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa): An Imperfect Tool for a Flawed Question. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2022 Jun;17(6):777-778. 

Alsaad AA, Wadei HM. Fractional excretion of sodium in hepatorenal syndrome: Clinical and pathological correlation. World J Hepatol. 2016 Dec 8;8(34):1497-1501.

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Dr. Carlos Espinel

Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa)

sodium

creatinine

urine_sodium

urine_creatinine

Determines if renal failure is due to prerenal or intrinsic pathology.

Prerenal or intrinsic kidney failure.

FENa

Devika Nair, MD

The Fractional Excretion of Sodium (FENa) determines if renal failure is due to pre-renal, intrinsic, or post-renal pathology.

Creatinine

Urine Creatinine

Urine Sodium

Sodium

FEUrea

Licurse Score

AKIN Classification

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American Gastroenterological Association

American Heart Association

American Urological Association

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MDCalc CME

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The ROME Foundation

Listen to the VACO co-creators break down how to use VACO\, what it does\, and what it doesn’t.

Calc Function