MDCalc

REVEAL Registry Risk Score 2.0 for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (PAH)

Predicts survival in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Use in patients with recently diagnosed (<3 months ago) WHO Group 1 pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

WHO group 1 subgroup

Male age >60 years

eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 mor renal insufficiency

(if eGFR is unavailable)

NYHA/WHO functional class

Systolic BP, mmHg

Heart rate, bpm

Any hospitalizations within 6 months

(for any cause)

BNP, pg/mL

If N-terminal proBNP is available and BNP is not, listed cut points can be replaced with <300 pg/mL and ≥1,100 pg/mL

Pericardial effusion on echocardiogram

DLCO on pulmonary function test

Mean right atrial pressure >20 mmHg within 1 year on right heart catheterization

Pulmonary vascular resistance <5 Wood units on right heart catheterization

Result:

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Management
  • Patients with PAH WHO Group 1 should be considered for referral to a comprehensive care center for PAH.
  • A multidisciplinary approach should be taken for patients with elevated scores (score >7), including evaluation by a pulmonary hypertension specialist and lung transplant team, along with nutritional assessments, social support, rehabilitation evaluation, and palliative care referral. 
  • 2022 ESC/ERC Guidelines recommend that REVEAL scores >10 are appropriate for lung transplant listing if they are undergoing therapy consistent with standard of care. 
  • Depending on goals of care and treatment plan, these patients should also be considered for additional clinical evaluation with a six minute walk test and right heart catheterization.

Critical Actions
  • Hemodynamically unstable or acute right ventricular heart failure with known pulmonary hypertension patients should immediately be hospitalized; consider intensive care monitoring.
  • It remains unknown whether a risk-based, goal-oriented treatment strategy is superior to the standard treatment algorithm recommended in the 2015 ESC/ERS guidelines, which are based on NYHA functional class alone.

  • Risk stratification remains an imperfect science and although REVEAL has respective advantages, it is only a complementary tool for prognostication and guide treatment decisions.